Endometrial Stromal Cells Regulate Gap-Junction Function in Normal Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells but not in Endometrial Carcinoma Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Schlemmer ◽  
David G. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Time Series Analysis of Transmesothelial Invasion by Endometrial Stromal and Epithelial Cells Using Three-dimensional Confocal Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
CA Witz ◽  
S Cho ◽  
VE Centonze ◽  
IA Montoya-Rodriguez ◽  
RS Schenken
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Human Collagen ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Using human peritoneal explants, we have previously demonstrated that endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) attach to intact mesothelium. Attachment occurs within one hour and mesothelial invasion occurs within 18 hours (Figure 1). We have also demonstrated that, in vivo, the mesothelium overlies a continuous layer of collagen IV (Col IV).More recently we have used CLSM, to study the mechanism and time course of ESC and EEC attachment and invasion through mesothelial monolayers. in these studies, CellTracker® dyes were used to label cells. Mesothelial cells were labeled with chloromethylbenzoylaminotetramethylrhodamine (CellTracker Orange). Mesothelial cells were then plated on human collagen IV coated, laser etched coverslips. Mesothelial cells were cultured to subconfluence. ESCs and EECs, labeled with chloromethylfluorscein diacetate (CellTracker Green) were plated on the mesothelial monolayers. Cultures were examined at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours with simultaneous differential interference contrast and CLSM.

scholarly journals Endometrial regeneration with endometrial epithelium: homologous orchestration with endometrial stroma as a feeder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yokomizo ◽  
Yukiko Fujiki ◽  
Harue Kishigami ◽  
Hiroshi Kishi ◽  
Tohru Kiyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Thin Endometrium ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Abstract Background Thin endometrium adversely affects reproductive success rates with fertility treatment. Autologous transplantation of exogenously prepared endometrium can be a promising therapeutic option for thin endometrium; however, endometrial epithelial cells have limited expansion potential, which needs to be overcome in order to make regenerative medicine a therapeutic strategy for refractory thin endometrium. Here, we aimed to perform long-term culture of endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Methods We prepared primary human endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells and investigated whether endometrial stromal cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived feeder cells could support proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. We also investigated whether three-dimensional culture can be achieved using thawed endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells. Results Co-cultivation with the feeder cells dramatically increased the proliferation rate of the endometrial epithelial cells. We serially passaged the endometrial epithelial cells on mouse embryonic fibroblasts up to passage 6 for 4 months. Among the human-derived feeder cells, endometrial stromal cells exhibited the best feeder activity for proliferation of the endometrial epithelial cells. We continued to propagate the endometrial epithelial cells on endometrial stromal cells up to passage 5 for 81 days. Furthermore, endometrial epithelium and stroma, after the freeze-thaw procedure and sequential culture, were able to establish an endometrial three-dimensional model. Conclusions We herein established a model of in vitro cultured endometrium as a potential therapeutic option for refractory thin endometrium. The three-dimensional culture model with endometrial epithelial and stromal cell orchestration via cytokines, membrane-bound molecules, extracellular matrices, and gap junction will provide a new framework for exploring the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of implantation. Additionally, modified embryo culture, so-called “in vitro implantation”, will be possible therapeutic approaches in fertility treatment.

scholarly journals Endometrial Stromal Cells Circulate in the Bloodstream of Women with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Vallvé-Juanico ◽  
Carlos López-Gil ◽  
Agustín Ballesteros ◽  
Xavier Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Retrograde Menstruation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. While endometriotic tissue is commonly localized in the pelvic cavity, it can also be found in distant sites, including the brain. The origin and pathophysiology of tissue migration is poorly understood; retrograde menstruation is thought to be the cause, although the presence of endometrium at distant sites is not explained by this hypothesis. To determine whether dissemination occurs via the bloodstream in women with endometriosis, we analyzed circulating blood for the presence of endometrial cells. Circulating endometrial stromal cells were identified only in women with endometriosis but not in controls, while endometrial epithelial cells were not identified in the circulation of either group. Our results support the hypothesis that endometrial stromal cells may migrate through circulation and promote the pathophysiology of endometriosis. The detection of these cells in circulation creates avenues for the development of less invasive diagnostic tools for the disease, and opens possibilities for further study of the origin of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Localization of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Type II Receptor in Developing Normal Human Prostate and Carcinoma Tissues

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gerdes ◽  
Melinda Larsen ◽  
Lauren McBride ◽  
Truong D. Dang ◽  
Bing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Normal Human

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is implicated in prostate development, and elevated expression of TGF-β1 has been correlated with prostate carcinogenesis. In this study, cell type specificity of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor Type II (RcII) protein expression was determined by immunocytochemistry in human normal prostate and compared to prostate carcinoma tissues. Heterogeneous localization patterns of LAP-TGF-β1 (TGF-β1 precursor) and RcII were observed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells in fetal prostate, with LAP-TGF-β1 localizing to more basal epithelial cells. Homogeneity of LAP-TGF-β1 staining was increased in neonatal, prepubertal, and adult prostate, with elevated immunoreac-tivity noted in epithelial acini relative to stromal tissue for both LAP-TGF-β1 and RcII proteins. In stromal tissues, RcII cell localization exhibited staining patterns nearly identical to smooth muscle α-actin. In prostate carcinoma, LAP-TGF-β1 localized to carcinoma cells with an increased staining heterogeneity relative to normal prostate. In contrast to normal epithelial cells, carcinoma epithelial cells exhibited low to nondetectable RcII staining. Stromal cell staining patterns for LAP-TGF-β1 and RcII in carcinoma, however, were identical to those of normal prostate stromal cells. These studies implicate both epithelial and stromal cells as sites of TGF-β1 synthesis and RcII localization in the developing and adult normal human prostate. In addition, these data indicate a loss of epithelial expression of RcII concurrent with altered LAP-TGF-β1 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells.

scholarly journals Stromal PRs Mediate Induction of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Human Endometrial Epithelium: A Paracrine Mechanism for Inactivation Of E2

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2093-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijun Yang ◽  
Zongjuan Fang ◽  
Bilgin Gurates ◽  
Mitsutoshi Tamura ◽  
Josephine Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Ishikawa Cells ◽  
Endometrial Epithelium ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Abstract Progesterone stimulates the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 2, which catalyzes the conversion of the potent estrogen, E2, to an inactive form, estrone, in epithelial cells of human endometrial tissue. Various effects of progesterone on uterine epithelium have recently been shown to be mediated by stromal PRs in mice. We describe herein a critical paracrine mechanism whereby progesterone induction of 17β-HSD type 2 enzyme activity, transcript levels, and promoter activity in human endometrial epithelial cells are mediated primarily by PR in endometrial stromal cells. Medium conditioned with progestin-pretreated human endometrial stromal cells robustly increased 17β-HSD type 2 enzyme activity (2-fold) and mRNA levels (13.2-fold) in Ishikawa malignant endometrial epithelial cells. In contrast, direct progestin treatment of Ishikawa epithelial cells gave rise to much smaller increases in enzyme activity (1.2-fold) and mRNA levels (4-fold). These results suggest that progesterone- dependent paracrine factors arising from stromal cells are primarily responsible for the induction of epithelial 17β-HSD type 2 expression in the endometrium. We transfected serial deletion mutants of the −1,244 bp 5′-flanking region of the 17β-HSD type 2 gene into Ishikawa cells. No progesterone response elements could be identified upstream of the 17β-HSD type 2 promoter. Stromal PR-dependent induction of the 17β-HSD type 2 promoter was mediated by a critical regulatory region mapped to the −200/−100 bp sequence. Direct treatment of Ishikawa cells with progestin gave rise to a maximal increase in the activity of −200 bp/Luciferase construct only by 1.2-fold, whereas medium conditioned by progestin-pretreated endometrial stromal cells increased promoter activity up to 2.4-fold in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of medium conditioned by progestin-pretreated stromal cells was enhanced strikingly by increasing stromal cell PR levels with the addition of estrogen. This epithelial-stromal interaction was specific for endometrial epithelial cells, since 17β-HSD type 2 could not be induced in malignant breast epithelial cells by media conditioned with progestin-treated breast or endometrial stromal cells. In conclusion, progesterone regulates the conversion of biologically active E2 to estrone by inducing the 17β-HSD type 2 enzyme in human endometrial epithelium primarily via PR in stromal cells, which secrete factors that induce transcription mediated primarily by the −200/−100 bp 5′-regulatory region of the 17β-HSD type 2 promoter.

scholarly journals Inhibitors of SCF-Skp2/Cks1 E3 Ligase Block Estrogen-Induced Growth Stimulation and Degradation of Nuclear p27kip1: Therapeutic Potential for Endometrial Cancer

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 4030-4045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas C. Pavlides ◽  
Kuang-Tzu Huang ◽  
Dylan A. Reid ◽  
Lily Wu ◽  
Stephanie V. Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

In many human cancers, the tumor suppressor, p27kip1 (p27), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor critical to cell cycle arrest, undergoes perpetual ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase complex SCF-Skp2/Cks1 and/or cytoplasmic mislocalization. Lack of nuclear p27 causes aberrant cell cycle progression, and cytoplasmic p27 mediates cell migration/metastasis. We previously showed that mitogenic 17-β-estradiol (E2) induces degradation of p27 by the E3 ligase Skp1-Cullin1-F-Box- S phase kinase-associated protein2/cyclin dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 in primary endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial carcinoma (ECA) cell lines, suggesting a pathogenic mechanism for type I ECA, an E2-induced cancer. The current studies show that treatment of endometrial carcinoma cells-1 (ECC-1) with small molecule inhibitors of Skp2/Cks1 E3 ligase activity (Skp2E3LIs) stabilizes p27 in the nucleus, decreases p27 in the cytoplasm, and prevents E2-induced proliferation and degradation of p27 in endometrial carcinoma cells-1 and primary ECA cells. Furthermore, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 half-life by 6 hours, inhibit cell proliferation (IC50, 14.3μM), block retinoblastoma protein (pRB) phosphorylation, induce G1 phase block, and are not cytotoxic. Similarly, using super resolution fluorescence localization microscopy and quantification, Skp2E3LIs increase p27 protein in the nucleus by 1.8-fold. In vivo, injection of Skp2E3LIs significantly increases nuclear p27 and reduces proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by 42%–62% in ovariectomized E2-primed mice. Skp2E3LIs are specific inhibitors of proteolytic degradation that pharmacologically target the binding interaction between the E3 ligase, SCF-Skp2/Cks1, and p27 to stabilize nuclear p27 and prevent cell cycle progression. These targeted inhibitors have the potential to be an important therapeutic advance over general proteasome inhibitors for cancers characterized by SCF-Skp2/Cks1-mediated destruction of nuclear p27.

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